UNIT 1
Why is life possible in planet Earth ?
Planet Earth is the only planet that has life.
The existence of life is because of physical and chemical factors, and the distance between the sun allows water to be in liquid state, water is very important for life, also by its size, if it was smaller it can be attracted to its atmosphere and if it has more mass it wouldn´t pass the light and the light is also important for life.
The existence of life is because of physical and chemical factors, and the distance between the sun allows water to be in liquid state, water is very important for life, also by its size, if it was smaller it can be attracted to its atmosphere and if it has more mass it wouldn´t pass the light and the light is also important for life.
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· What happen if the planet earth was smaller?
Where are we in the universe ?
Our small planet in space, orbiting an ordinary star, is in a huge spiral galaxy, the Milky Way, one of the galaxies that are distributed throughout the universe. Near the Earth are other planets, dwarf planets, satellites, asteroids and comets, all orbiting our sun, trapped by its powerful gravitational attraction, forming what we call the Solar System.
· What is the name of the galaxy in wich the planet earth are located?
· Which elements are near the planet earth ?
What is a solar system ?
The solar system is a planetary system of the Milky Way. According to recent estimates, the system is about 28 thousand light years from the center of the Milky Way
It consists of a single star called Sun, which gives this system, plus eight planets orbiting the star: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and dwarf planets (Pluto, Eris, Makemake Haumea and Ceres), asteroids, moons, comets.
It consists of a single star called Sun, which gives this system, plus eight planets orbiting the star: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and dwarf planets (Pluto, Eris, Makemake Haumea and Ceres), asteroids, moons, comets.
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· How many planets conform the solar syatem?
What is a galaxy?
A galaxy is a massive gas clouds, planets, dust, and perhaps dark matter and dark energy, gravitationally bound. The number of stars forming a galaxy is an accountant, from dwarfs to giants, as part of a galaxy substructures exist as nebulae, star clusters and multiple
· Wich elements conform a galaxy?
· What is the number of stars forming a galaxy ?
What is the difference between a star and a planet?
• The basic difference between a star and a planet, a star emits light produced in its interior, and planets shine only by light may reflect.
• Unlike the other stars twinkle and planets do not. The cause is the difference in composition between the two.
• Also unlike a planet of a star in the quantity of mass, the planets have less mass
True or false
· A planet emits light produced in its interior (true/false)
· The planets has less mass (true/false)
Is the earth a sphere or a geoid?
The planet earth is a geoid because it is not perfectly round because it has Flattened poles
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What does biosphere mean ?
the biosphere is the system material formed by all living beings on the planet Earth, along with the physical environment around them. This meaning of "wrapping live" of the Earth is the most widely used, but also biosphere for the space within which life develops, the biosphere is also the whole of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
· the biosphere is the system material formed by _______________on the planet Earth
· the biosphere is also the whole of the _________ , ________and __________.
Nearest star to the sun is smaller than this and is called proxima centauri, in particular the distance parallax of proxima is 0.76 "(25).
UNIT 2#1
Ø What is the difference between an underwater relief and a continental relief ?
· The continents occupy approximately 30% of the earth's crust. They comprise the emerged land and the nearby submerged area, called continental shelf.
· It is under the oceans and seas. It is varied and irregular.
Ø What is the reliefe of Ecuador ?
The main relief units are Ecuadorian coastal plain north of the Gulf of Guayaquil, the section of the Andes in the center of the country and a large sector of the Amazon basin located east of the country.
To the southwest lies the Gulf of Guayaquil, Guayas River where it empties into the Pacific Ocean. Very near to Quito, the capital, on the Andes, lies the Cotopaxi, the highest active volcano in the world.
The highest point in Ecuador's Chimborazo volcano with 6313 meters of altitude above sea level and whose peak is the farthest from the core of the earth due to the elliptical shape of the planet.
To the southwest lies the Gulf of Guayaquil, Guayas River where it empties into the Pacific Ocean. Very near to Quito, the capital, on the Andes, lies the Cotopaxi, the highest active volcano in the world.
The highest point in Ecuador's Chimborazo volcano with 6313 meters of altitude above sea level and whose peak is the farthest from the core of the earth due to the elliptical shape of the planet.
Ø What is the reliefe of Quito ?
The city and the district are located mainly on the valley of Quito, which is part of the Hoya de Guayllabamba, which is located on the eastern slopes of Pichincha active stratovolcano in the Western Cordillera of the Andes of northern Ecuador, a average altitude of 2850 meters. The city is bordered by the volcano Casitagua the north, the fault line EC-31 (known as fault-Ilumbisi Quito Quito or failure) in the east, the eastern slopes of Pichincha to the west and the Volcano Atacazo south. Its approximate dimensions are 50 km long north-south direction and 4 km wide from east to west.
Ø What deep is the lowest point of earth ? How far is it to the highest point ?
The highest point on land is the peak of Mount Everest at 29,028 feet (8,848 meters) above sea level (the level of the ocean's surface), plus or minus 10 feet (3 meters) because of snow. Mount Everest is in the Himalaya mountain range, on the border of Nepal and Tibet.
The lowest point on land is the Dead Sea at 1,312 feet (399 meters) below sea level. The Dead Sea lies between Israel and Jordan. The lowest point on the Earth's surface (including land and sea)
Ø Do you think the earth's relief has always been the same ?
No, Because all in planet earth is in constant movement and everything change.
Proyect
1)
What happened in South-Asia in December 2004 ?
Can you describe this natural event?
· Tsunamis are caused by sudden movements of the earth that happens under the sea. Often the most destructive Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes but causes can also include volcanic eruptions, landslides or even a comet hitting the sea.
· The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean
With a magnitude of 9.0 it is the third largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 centimetre (0.4 inches) and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska. Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Indonesia. 2)
What happened in your own Country Ecuador in 1999 ?
Why do volcanos erupt ? What are the causes ?
Volcano eruptions happen when magma erupts from beneath the earth's crust. When the volcano erupts the magma becomes lava and it shoots into the air or runs down the side of the volcano.
How and why volcanoes erupt can be fully understood by firstly looking at the earth's crust. Then we can consider how magma is formed and then why it erupts as a volcano.
What is a continental drift and what are plate tectonics ?
video
· According to the theory of continental drift, the world was made up of a single continent through most of geologic time. That continent eventually separated and drifted apart, forming into the seven continents we have today
According to the generally accepted plate-tectonics theory, scientists believe that Earth's surface is broken into a number of shifting slabs or plates, which average about 50 miles in thickness. These plates move relative to one another above a hotter, deeper, more mobile zone at average rates as great as a few inches per year. Most of the world's active volcanoes are located along or near the boundaries between shifting plates and are called plate-boundary volcanoes.
1)
What elements make up the climate?
1. TEMPERATURES
Is the amount of heat present in the air of the atmosphere.
Temperature is measured with a thermometer and it is represented on a map by lines called isotherms
· It varies with latitude
· It falls with altitude
· It is milder at the coast than in the interior
2. PRECIPITATIONS
Is the fall of water to the Earth’s surface from the condensation of water vapour contained in the air.
Presipitations are measured with a pluviometer and they are mapped by lines called isohyets.
· It varies with latitude
· It increases with altitude
· It is higher at the coast
3. PRESSURE
Is the force exerted by the air of the atmosphere on the Earth´s surface.
Air pressure is measured with a barometer and it is represented by lines called isobars.
· It decreases with altitude.
4. WINDS
Wind is the movement of air and it is caused by pressure differences between different areas.
A weather vane indicates the wind direction and an anemometer its speed.
· The air always goes from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.
Which phenomena occur in the atmosphere?
Meteorological phenomena
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere. They are temperature, pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earth's observed weather is located in the troposphere.
